#molecular geometry

CHEMISTRY

What is the total number of lone pairs on the nitrogen atom in the HNO₃ molecule?

In HNO₃, nitrogen forms 3 bonds (1 double to O, 1 single to O, 1 single to OH), using all 5 valence electrons, leaving 0 lone pairs. This follows from latest NCERT 2026-27 principle explaining the concept clearly for NEET students in simple steps as per rationalized syllabus.

Ref: NCERT Chemistry Textbook - Latest Edition for Academic Session 2026-27 (Rationalized Textbook for Class XI and XII), Chapter: Chemical Bonding (Latest NCERT 2026-27), Topic: Hybridization of nitrogen in CH₃NH₂, sp³ hybridization and pyramidal geometry

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CHEMISTRY

How many pi bonds are present in the CO₂ molecule?

CO₂ has 2 double bonds (each with 1 sigma and 1 pi), totaling 2 pi bonds. This follows from NCERT principle where relation explains outcome clearly for students.

Ref: NCERT Chemistry Textbook for Class XI and XII, Chapter: Some Basic Concepts, Structure of Atom, Periodicity and relevant Chemistry topic, Topic: Mole concept and periodic trends.

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CHEMISTRY

What is the bond angle around the carbon atom in CH₃C#N involved in the triple bond?

The carbon in the C#N group is sp hybridized, forming a linear shape with a bond angle of 180°. This follows from NCERT principle where relation explains outcome clearly for students.

Ref: NCERT Chemistry Textbook for Class XI and XII, Chapter: Some Basic Concepts, Structure of Atom, Periodicity and relevant Chemistry topic, Topic: Mole concept and periodic trends.

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CHEMISTRY

What is the bond angle around the carbon atom in CH₂=CH₂ ?

In CH₂=CH₂ (ethene), each carbon is sp² hybridized, forming a trigonal planar shape with bond angles of 120°. This follows from NCERT principle where relation explains outcome clearly for students.

Ref: NCERT Chemistry Textbook for Class XI and XII, Chapter: Some Basic Concepts, Structure of Atom, Periodicity and relevant Chemistry topic, Topic: Mole concept and periodic trends.

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CHEMISTRY

What is the bond angle in the C₂H₂ molecule around the carbon atoms?

C₂H₂ has a triple bond between carbons, each bonded to one hydrogen, with no lone pairs, resulting in a linear shape with a bond angle of 180°. This follows from latest NCERT 2026-27 principle explaining the concept clearly for NEET students in simple steps as per rationalized syllabus.

Ref: NCERT Chemistry Textbook - Latest Edition for Academic Session 2026-27 (Rationalized Textbook for Class XI and XII)Topic: Mole concept, atomic structure, chemical formulas like H₂O, CO₂, CH₃CH₂NH₂ and periodic trends.

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CHEMISTRY

What is the shape of the BeClâ‚‚ molecule according to VSEPR theory?

BeCl₂ has 2 bonding pairs and no lone pairs around Be, leading to a linear shape (180° bond angle). This follows from NCERT principle where the relation explains the outcome clearly for students in simple steps.

Ref: NCERT Chemistry Textbook for Class XI and XII, Chapter: Some Basic Concepts, Structure of Atom and Periodicity, Topic: Mole concept, atomic models and periodic trends.

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CHEMISTRY

In which molecule does the ntral atom use sp² hybridization with three bonds?

In SO₃, sulfur forms 3 double bonds, requiring 3 hybrid orbitals, achieved by sp² hybridization. This follows from NCERT principle where the relation explains the outcome clearly for students in simple steps.

Ref: NCERT Chemistry Textbook for Class XI and XII, Chapter: Some Basic Concepts, Structure of Atom and Periodicity, Topic: Mole concept, atomic models and periodic trends.

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CHEMISTRY

What is the geometry of the nitrogen atom in CH₃NH₃+ ?

In CH₃NH₃+, the conjugate acid of methylamine, nitrogen has four bonds (three to H, one to C) and no lone pair, resulting in a tetrahedral geometry.

Ref: NCERT Chemistry Textbook for Class XI and XII, Chapter: Relevant Chemistry topic covering principles and examples as per NCERT.

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Chemical Reactions - Alkylation, Acylation and Electrophilic Substitution

The shape of the nitrogen atom in CH₃NHCH₃ is:

In CH₃NHCH₃, nitrogen has three sigma bonds (two C, one H) and one lone pair, giving a pyramidal shape due to sp3 hybridization, as per the PDF’s structure.

Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Chemical Reactions - Alkylation, Acylation and Electrophilic Substitution

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Chemical Reactions - Alkylation, Acylation and Electrophilic Substitution

The bond angle around nitrogen in (CH₃CH₂)₂NH is closest to:

Diethylamine ((CH₃CH₂)₂NH) has sp3 hybridized nitrogen with a lone pair, giving a bond angle slightly less than 109.5° (around 107°-108°), as per the PDF’s structure.

Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Chemical Reactions - Alkylation, Acylation and Electrophilic Substitution

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Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds

What is the geometry of [Fe(CO)4]?

[Fe(CO)4] (Fe₀, d8) with 4 ligands is tetrahedral, using sp3 hybridization.

Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds > Topic: Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds

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Preparation and Properties of Potassium Dichromate and Permanganate

What is the shape of the MnO 4 - ion?

Permanganate ion (MnO 4 - ) has tetrahedral geometry with sp 3 hybridization.

Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 4: d and f Block Elements > Topic: Preparation and Properties of Potassium Dichromate and Permanganate

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