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#micromere signaling

2 public questions tagged with this topic.

Micromere signaling to adjacent cells involves primarily:

Primary inductive molecular signal from micromeres to overlying Veg2 cells is highly conserved Delta-Notch juxtacrine pathway operating through direct cell contact. Micromeres express high levels of Delta ligand after Pmar1/HesC double-negative gate derepression liberates Delta expression. Adjacent Veg2 cells express Notch receptor; interaction triggers proteolytic cleavage releasing Notch intracellular domain, activating Suppressor of Hairless target genes including Gcm that specifies pigment and other secondary mesenchyme fates. Blocking Delta morpholino or inhibiting γ-secretase eliminates secondary mesenchyme without affecting primary mesenchyme specification. FGF, BMP and Hedgehog operate later for skeletal patterning but initial micromere induction depends on Delta-Notch signaling.

Ref: Sherwood & McClay, Development 1999; Oliveri et al., 2008 GRN - Delta-Notch requirement for secondary mesenchyme.

Micromere signaling induces adjacent cells via:

Adjacent to micromeres, macromeres and large micromeres receive inductive signal mediated by direct cell contact requiring juxtacrine interaction. Micromeres express transmembrane ligand Delta following derepression of HesC by Pmar1. Neighboring cells express Notch receptor; Delta binding triggers gamma-secretase cleavage releasing Notch intracellular domain NICD that translocates to nucleus activating transcription of secondary mesenchyme genes gcm, gataE, foxA for pigment and blastocoelar cells and endoderm. This Delta-Notch induction specifies non-skeletogenic mesoderm. Blocking Notch with DAPT inhibitor eliminates secondary mesenchyme, while Delta misexpression induces ectopic mesoderm, proving essential vegetal patterning mechanism.

Ref: Gilbert, Developmental Biology, 12th ed., Chapter 10: Micromere Delta-Notch signaling induces adjacent cells mesoderm.