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#mammalian cells

3 public questions tagged with this topic.

Animal Tissue Culture 1

The optimum pH for most mammalian cell cultures is approximately:

Mammalian cells operate optimally near physiological pH 7.4 because intracellular enzyme active sites evolved to function at cytosolic pH 7.2 to 7.4 where ionization states of catalytic residues critical for activity maintain balance. Histidine imidazole side chain pKa around 6.0 partially protonated at neutral pH acts as proton donor acceptor in charge relay systems of serine proteases, carbonic anhydrase, and ATP synthase beta subunit. Deviation alters Michaelis constant Km and Vmax drastically, reducing efficiency. Extracellular pH is regulated via bicarbonate carbon dioxide buffering syste

Ref: Freshney Animal Cell Culture pH 7.4 optimum bistability; Alberts MBoC Henderson-Hasselbalch bicarbonate histidine catalytic ionization.

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Cell Division

The key determinant of the plane of cytokinesis in mammalian cells is the position of:

Placement of contractile ring determining cleavage plane is actively specified by mitotic spindle rather than cell geometry alone. During anaphase, after chromatids separate, antiparallel interpolar microtubules overlapping in middle zone are bundled by PRC1 protein and kinesins KIF4 and MKLP1, forming central spindle enriched with chromosome passenger complex including Aurora B kinase and centralspindlin heterotetramer of MKLP1-MgcRacGAP. This platform concentrates Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor ECT2 at adjacent equatorial cortex, converting inactive RhoA-GDP to active RhoA-GTP in nar

Ref: D'Avino et al., J Cell Sci 2015, Cytokinesis Positioning. Glotzer, Science 2005, Central Spindle Signals.

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A Cell Signaling

Which drug inhibits mTOR in mammalian cells?

Rapamycin, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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