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#magnetic susceptibility

27 public questions tagged with this topic.

Hysteresis, Retentivity, Coercivity and Permanent Magnets

A diamagnetic material has a susceptibility \( \chi = -2 \times 10^{-5} \). What is its magnetic permeability \( \mu \)

**Permanent magnet requirement** is high retentivity to maintain field and high coercivity to resist demagnetization. Ability to retain magnetism after field removal is property of hard ferromagnets, related to domain wall pinning and anisotropy. Magnetic permeability μ = μ₀ (1 + chi) . Given: chi = -2 × 10⁻⁵ . Substitute: μ = μ₀ (1 - 2 × 10⁻⁵) = μ₀ × 0.99998 . Substituting values gives μ₀ × 0.99998, which matches expected magnitude for this magnetic configuration, confirming dipole field dependence on m/r³ and torque relation τ = m B sinθ.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Magnetism and Matter > Hysteresis, Retentivity, Coercivity and Permanent Magnets

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Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism

A paramagnetic material has \( \chi = 5 \times 10^{-4} \) and \( H = 2 \times 10^3 \, \text{A m}^{-1} \). What is its ma

**Diamagnetism** exhibits small negative susceptibility χ ≈ -10⁻⁵ to -10⁻⁶, weakly repelled from stronger to weaker field regions, no permanent moment, induced moment opposite to B, present in all materials but dominated by other effects. Superconductor perfect diamagnet with χ = -1, complete field expulsion. M = chi H . Given: chi = 5 × 10⁻⁴ , H = 2 × 10³ A m⁻¹ . Substitute: M = 5 × 10⁻⁴ × 2 × 10³ = 1 A m⁻¹ . Substituting values gives 1 A m⁻¹, which matches expected magnitude for this magnetic configuration, confirming dipole field dependence on m/r³ and torque relation τ = m B sinθ.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Magnetism and Matter > Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism

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Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism

A material with susceptibility \( \chi = -5 \times 10^{-5} \) has a relative permeability \( \mu_r \) of:

**Ferromagnetism** shows large positive χ ≈ 10³ to 10⁵, strong attraction, domain structure with spontaneous magnetization, hysteresis, retentivity. Distinction based on sign and magnitude of χ and behaviour in non-uniform field, explaining attraction versus repulsion. μ_r = 1 + chi . Given: chi = -5 × 10⁻⁵ . Substitute: μ_r = 1 - 5 × 10⁻⁵ = 0.99995 . Substituting values gives 0.99995, which matches expected magnitude for this magnetic configuration, confirming dipole field dependence on m/r³ and torque relation τ = m B sinθ.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Magnetism and Matter > Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism

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Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism

A material’s magnetic susceptibility becomes zero when:

**Paramagnetism** has small positive χ ≈ 10⁻³ to 10⁻⁵, weakly attracted towards stronger field, random moments align partially with B, magnetization decreases with temperature following Curie law χ ∝ 1/T. Materials have unpaired electrons with permanent moments. For a superconductor below its critical temperature, the susceptibility chi = -1 and relative permeability μ_r = 0 , but in a broader context, susceptibility can approach zero for non-magnetic materials or when magnetization is negligible compared to the applied field. However, the question implies a specific state, and superconductors achieve this uniquely with perfect diamagnetism. Substituting values gives It exhibits perfect diamagnetism, which matches expected magnitude for

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Magnetism and Matter > Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism

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Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism

A paramagnetic material with \( \chi = 9 \times 10^{-4} \) in \( H = 2000 \, \text{A m}^{-1} \) has magnetization \( M \

**Ferromagnetism** shows large positive χ ≈ 10³ to 10⁵, strong attraction, domain structure with spontaneous magnetization, hysteresis, retentivity. Distinction based on sign and magnitude of χ and behaviour in non-uniform field, explaining attraction versus repulsion. M = chi H . Given: chi = 9 × 10⁻⁴ , H = 2000 A m⁻¹ . M = 9 × 10⁻⁴ × 2000 = 1.8 A m⁻¹ . Substituting values gives 1.8 A m⁻¹, which matches expected magnitude for this magnetic configuration, confirming dipole field dependence on m/r³ and torque relation τ = m B sinθ.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Magnetism and Matter > Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism

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Magnetic Field Due to Bar Magnet - Axial and Equatorial

In a material where magnetic domains spontaneously align over large regions, the susceptibility is:

**Magnetic field of bar magnet** follows inverse cube law B ∝ m/r³, unlike inverse square for electric dipole. Given B at distance r, moment m = B r³/(μ₀/4π) for equatorial, m = B r³/(2·μ₀/4π) for axial, enabling moment extraction from measured field. Ferromagnetic materials have magnetic domains that spontaneously align, resulting in a large positive susceptibility ( chi gg 1 ). This strong magnetization occurs due to cooperative interactions among atomic magnetic moments, distinguishing them from other materials. Substituting values gives Large and positive, which matches expected magnitude for this magnetic configuration, confirming dipole field dependence on m/r³ and torque relation τ = m B sinθ.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Magnetism and Matter > Magnetic Field Due to Bar Magnet - Axial and Equatorial

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Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism

Which material has \( \chi \) slightly positive and moves from weaker to stronger field regions?

**Paramagnetism** has small positive χ ≈ 10⁻³ to 10⁻⁵, weakly attracted towards stronger field, random moments align partially with B, magnetization decreases with temperature following Curie law χ ∝ 1/T. Materials have unpaired electrons with permanent moments. Paramagnetic materials have a small positive chi and are weakly attracted from weaker to stronger magnetic field regions. Substituting values gives Paramagnetic, which matches expected magnitude for this magnetic configuration, confirming dipole field dependence on m/r³ and torque relation τ = m B sinθ.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Magnetism and Matter > Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism

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Magnetization, Magnetic Intensity, Susceptibility and Permeability

A material with susceptibility \( \chi = 2 \times 10^{-3} \) has a relative permeability \( \mu_r \) of:

**Relation between B, H, M** is B = μ₀(H+M) = μ₀(1+χ)H. Susceptibility χ = μ_r -1 quantifies material response. Given B, μ_r, n, current I = B/(μ₀ μ_r n), with μ₀ = 4π×10⁻⁷ T·m/A, enabling current calculation for desired B with magnetic core. μ_r = 1 + chi . Given: chi = 2 × 10⁻³ . Substitute: μ_r = 1 + 2 × 10⁻³ = 1.002 . Substituting values gives 1.002, which matches expected magnitude for this magnetic configuration, confirming dipole field dependence on m/r³ and torque relation τ = m B sinθ.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Magnetism and Matter > Magnetization, Magnetic Intensity, Susceptibility and Permeability

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Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism

Which material has a large positive \( \chi \) and exhibits spontaneous domain alignment?

**Paramagnetism** has small positive χ ≈ 10⁻³ to 10⁻⁵, weakly attracted towards stronger field, random moments align partially with B, magnetization decreases with temperature following Curie law χ ∝ 1/T. Materials have unpaired electrons with permanent moments. Ferromagnetic materials have a large positive chi and exhibit spontaneous alignment of magnetic moments into domains. Substituting values gives Ferromagnetic, which matches expected magnitude for this magnetic configuration, confirming dipole field dependence on m/r³ and torque relation τ = m B sinθ.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Magnetism and Matter > Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism

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Magnetization, Magnetic Intensity, Susceptibility and Permeability

Which material has a small positive \( \chi \) and aligns weakly with an external magnetic field?

**Relation between B, H, M** is B = μ₀(H+M) = μ₀(1+χ)H. Susceptibility χ = μ_r -1 quantifies material response. Given B, μ_r, n, current I = B/(μ₀ μ_r n), with μ₀ = 4π×10⁻⁷ T·m/A, enabling current calculation for desired B with magnetic core. Paramagnetic materials have a small positive chi and align weakly with an external magnetic field due to the alignment of atomic dipoles. Substituting values gives Paramagnetic, which matches expected magnitude for this magnetic configuration, confirming dipole field dependence on m/r³ and torque relation τ = m B sinθ.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Magnetism and Matter > Magnetization, Magnetic Intensity, Susceptibility and Permeability

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Magnetization, Magnetic Intensity, Susceptibility and Permeability

A material that repels a magnet and is repelled by it in return is likely:

**Magnetization M** is magnetic moment per unit volume (A/m), magnetic intensity H = B/μ₀ - M, susceptibility χ = M/H dimensionless, permeability μ = B/H = μ₀(1+χ), relative permeability μ_r = μ/μ₀ = 1+χ. For solenoid with core, B = μ₀ μ_r n I, n turns per meter (m⁻¹), I current (A). Superconductors, exhibiting perfect diamagnetism (Meissner effect), expel magnetic fields completely, causing mutual repulsion with a magnet. This is distinct from weak diamagnetic repulsion and stronger than other material responses. Substituting values gives Superconductor, which matches expected magnitude for this magnetic configuration, confirming dipole field dependence on m/r³ and torque relation τ = m B sinθ.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Magnetism and Matter > Magnetization, Magnetic Intensity, Susceptibility and Permeability

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Magnetization, Magnetic Intensity, Susceptibility and Permeability

A material with \( \chi = -1 \) and \( \mu_r = 0 \) is classified as:

**Magnetization M** is magnetic moment per unit volume (A/m), magnetic intensity H = B/μ₀ - M, susceptibility χ = M/H dimensionless, permeability μ = B/H = μ₀(1+χ), relative permeability μ_r = μ/μ₀ = 1+χ. For solenoid with core, B = μ₀ μ_r n I, n turns per meter (m⁻¹), I current (A). A material with chi = -1 and μ_r = 0 exhibits perfect diamagnetism, characteristic of a superconductor due to the Meissner effect. Substituting values gives Superconductor, which matches expected magnitude for this magnetic configuration, confirming dipole field dependence on m/r³ and torque relation τ = m B sinθ.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Magnetism and Matter > Magnetization, Magnetic Intensity, Susceptibility and Permeability

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