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#magnetic monopoles

2 public questions tagged with this topic.

Production of EM Waves and Hertz Experiment

Which of Maxwell's equations shows that there are no magnetic monopoles?

**Hertz experiment** used induction coil connected to two rods with gap, spark produced oscillating charge, emitted EM wave, received by loop with gap sparking when E induced, measured wavelength by standing wave, demonstrated EM wave properties, validating Maxwell. Gauss's Law for magnetism, oint B · d A = 0 , implies that the magnetic flux through a closed surface is zero, indicating no magnetic monopoles. Using c = fλ, E₀/B₀ = c, I_d = ε₀ dΦ_E/dt, and spectrum classification λ = c/f, evaluation yields Gauss's Law for magnetism, illustrating EM wave transverse nature and Maxwell's displaceme

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electromagnetic Waves > Production of EM Waves and Hertz Experiment

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Electromagnetic Spectrum - Radio Waves and Microwaves

Why does the absence of magnetic monopoles imply a specific property about magnetic field lines?

**Radio waves** λ≈10⁻¹ to 10⁴ m, f≈10⁴ to 10⁹ Hz, produced by rapid acceleration/deceleration of electrons in aerials/antenna, used for long-distance communication because low frequency diffracts around obstacles and reflects from ionosphere, enabling ground wave and sky wave propagation, effective for broadcasting. The absence of magnetic monopoles, as stated by Gauss’s law for magnetism, implies that magnetic field lines are always closed loops, with no isolated sources or sinks. Using c = fλ, E₀/B₀ = c, I_d = ε₀ dΦ_E/dt, and spectrum classification λ = c/f, evaluation yields Magnetic field

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electromagnetic Waves > Electromagnetic Spectrum - Radio Waves and Microwaves

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