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#lipid droplets

3 public questions tagged with this topic.

Glycolipid and Phospholipid

Which molecule enhances cholesterol storage in lipid droplets?

Neutral lipid storage avoiding lipotoxicity requires chemical conversion free cholesterol hydrophobic ester for sequestration in droplets. ACAT SOAT enzymes ER catalyze transfer oleate oleoyl CoA three beta hydroxyl cholesterol forming cholesteryl oleate no polar head logP about fifteen versus cholesterol logP eight increasing hydrophobicity dramatically. Completely apolar molecule partitions oil phase lipid droplet core together triacylglycerol lens that buds droplet surrounded phospholipid monolayer perilipins PLIN. Esterification sequesters cholesterol away regulatory ER pool sensed SCAP IN

Ref: Chang TY et al., Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2006, Cholesterol esterification ACAT storage lipid droplets and foam cells.

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Glycolipid and Phospholipid

Which enzyme aids in lipid droplet formation?

Controlled nucleation lipid droplets depends ER resident seipin protein encoded BSCL2 mutated Berardinelli Seip congenital lipodystrophy type two characterized absence subcutaneous fat severe insulin resistance hypertriglyceridemia hepatic steatosis cardiomyopathy. Cryo EM recent shows seipin decameric ring ten transmembrane helices luminal beta sandwich domains binding anionic phospholipids phosphatidic acid phosphatidylinositol enriching TAG condensation ER junctions LD biogenesis sites demarcated by Pex30. Seipin cooperates LDAF1 LD assembly factor defining droplet biogenesis site facilitat

Ref: Sui et al., Nature 2018, Structure function seipin oligomer lipid droplet formation mechanism and lipodystrophy.

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Glycolipid and Phospholipid

Which statement about lipid droplets is correct?

Lipid droplets defy classic bilayer vesicle definition possessing neutral core surrounded by monolayer explaining unique buoyancy density microscopy appearance. Emergence begins when DGAT1 DGAT2 synthesize triacylglycerol DAG acyl CoA ACAT1 ACAT2 forms cholesteryl ester accumulating between ER leaflets forming oil lens twenty to sixty nanometers growing via Ostwald ripening coalescence regulated Seipin LDAF1 perilipin recruitment. Lens buds toward cytosol coated phospholipid monolayer enriched PC PE lyso PC preventing coalescence decorated perilipin family PLIN1 five CIDE proteins Seipin Rab18

Ref: Walther TC & Farese RV, Annu Rev Biochem 2012, Lipid droplets neutral lipid storage monolayer organization and functions.

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