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#light reflection

3 public questions tagged with this topic.

Why is the backwave not observed in the reflection of light according to the wave model?

**Wavefront** is locus of points in same phase, spherical from point source, plane at large distance because radius large, Huygens principle every point on wavefront acts as secondary source of wavelets, new wavefront envelope of secondary wavelets, allows prediction of new wavefront shape from known wavefront, explains reflection and refraction. The wave model assumes the amplitude of secondary wavelets is zero in the backward direction, though this is an ad-hoc assumption later justified by advanced wave theory. Using Δ = d sinθ, y = n λ D/d, a sinθ = n λ, I = I₀ cos²θ, n = c/v, sinC = 1/n,

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Wave Optics > Wavefront and Huygens Principle

What is the key optical principle behind the working of a periscope?

**TIR application** requires n₁>n₂ and θ₁>C. Critical angle formula derived from Snell's law with θ₂=90°, n₁ sinC = n₂ sin90° = n₂, so sinC = n₂/n₁. For glass-air sinC=1/1.52, C≈41°, for water-air 48.6°, determining cutoff for transmission. A periscope uses total internal reflection in prisms (or plane mirror reflection) to redirect light. Prisms reflect light internally at angles greater than the critical angle, allowing the viewer to see objects from a different height or direction without direct line-of-sight. Substituting values gives Total internal reflection in prisms, which matches expe

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Ray Optics > Total Internal Reflection and Critical Angle

What happens to light rays when they strike a convex mirror at an angle parallel to its principal axis?

**Spherical mirror reflection** follows law θ_i = θ_r, focal length f = R/2, concave R negative, convex positive. Object beyond center C (u > 2f) forms image between F and C diminished, at C same size, between C and F magnified, beyond F forms at infinity, illustrating mirror equation. In a convex mirror, rays parallel to the principal axis diverge after reflection. When traced backward, these diverging rays appear to originate from the focal point behind the mirror, which is why the focal point is virtual and located on the opposite side of the incident light. Substituting values gives They a

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Ray Optics > Reflection by Spherical Mirrors and Mirror Formula