What does the photoelectric effect demonstrate about the nature of light?
**Classical wave theory fails** to explain instant emission, threshold existence, K_max dependence on frequency not intensity, saturation current dependence on intensity. Observations: K_max independent of intensity, exists threshold frequency, emission instantaneous, all explained by photon model E = h f, one photon ejects one electron, energy conservation h f = Φ + K_max. The photoelectric effect shows that light behaves as discrete packets of energy (photons), supporting its particle nature. Applying E = h f = h c/λ, p = h/λ, K_max = h f - Φ, Φ = h f₀ = h c/λ₀, λ = h/√(2 m e V) and f_max =
Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Dual Nature of Matter > Photoelectric Effect - Work Function and Threshold