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#Kingdom Plantae

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The kingdom Plantae is considered monophyletic because

Kingdom Plantae or Viridiplantae is monophyletic assemblage consisting of green algae plus land plants descended from single common ancestor that acquired primary endosymbiotic chloroplast from cyanobacterium roughly 1.6 billion years ago. Monophyly strongly supported by shared synapomorphies: presence of chlorophyll a and b in chloroplasts with stacked thylakoids forming grana, cellulose cell walls synthesized by rosettes, starch storage inside plastid, peroxisome-based photorespiration and charophycean-type open mitosis. Traits like seeds, vascular tissue, flowers arose independently later w

Ref: Qiu et al 2006 Plant phylogeny; Campbell Ch 29: Origin of land plants; Lewis