How many isotopes does hydrogen have?
Hydrogen has 3 isotopes: protium ^1H, deuterium ^2H, tritium ^3H.
Ref: NCERT Physics Class 12 Chapter 3 Current Electricity
#isotopes
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Which of the following has the same number of neutrons as an atom with 12 protons and mass number 24?
Neutrons = 12. ²³₁₁Na also has 12 neutrons.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 2: Structure of Atom > Topic: Discovery of Subatomic Particles - Electron Proton Neutron
What type of radioactive isotope is commonly used in DNA labelling?
Radioisotopic labeling commonly uses phosphorus-32 because of its superior nuclear characteristics for nucleic acid detection. 32P is a high-energy beta emitter with a half-life of approximately 14.3 days, offering excellent sensitivity and short autoradiographic exposure times. It can be incorporated internally using [alpha-32P]dATP or dCTP during polymerization, or terminally as [gamma-32P]ATP via kinase reaction. Lower-energy isotopes like tritium, sulfur-35, and carbon-14 emit weak beta particles, require prolonged exposure, and provide poorer resolution. Hence 32P remains the isotope of c
Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.
Which isotope is best for studying phosphate metabolism?
Phosphorus is central to nucleic acids, ATP, and phospholipids, so tracking its movement requires an isotope of the same element. Phosphorus-32 is a radioactive phosphor that chemically behaves identically to stable phosphorus but emits high-energy beta particles detectable by counters and autoradiography. Incorporated into phosphate pools, it labels DNA, RNA, and phosphorylated intermediates, allowing measurement of uptake, transport, and turnover. Carbon-14 labels carbon skeletons and iodine isotopes label proteins, making phosphorus-32 uniquely suited for specifically following phosphate me
Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.
What happens when an unstable isotope undergoes beta decay?
A neutron converts into a proton correctly describes the effect or change asked about in this question. In Atoms and Molecules, understanding cause-and-effect relationships is essential for predicting biological outcomes. A neutron converts into a proton occurs because of specific molecular interactions, thermodynamic principles, or regulatory mechanisms that govern this biological process. The other options (A proton converts into a neutron, An electron is captured, and Energy is released without a change in mass) describe either opposite effects, effects that occur under different conditions
Ref: Campbell Biology, Urry et al., 12th Ed.
Which of the following statements is false about isotopes?
They always have the same chemical properties. is the correct choice because it does not accurately describe or belong to the category addressed in this question. In the context of Atoms and Molecules, the other options (They have the same atomic number., They have the same number of protons., and They have different atomic masses.) are all valid and well-established concepts. They always have the same chemical properties. is either unrelated to the topic, describes a different biological process, or represents a common misconception. Questions framed as 'which is NOT' require students to iden
Ref: Campbell Biology, Urry et al., 12th Ed.
The stability of an isotope is primarily determined by:
The neutron-to-proton ratio is the scientifically accurate answer to this question. Within the study of Atoms and Molecules, this concept is well-established through extensive research and is documented in standard scientific literature. The specific properties, mechanisms, or characteristics of The neutron-to-proton ratio directly address what is being asked. Among the other options, The number of protons, The number of electrons, and The number of valence electrons do not correctly answer this question because they either refer to different concepts, describe properties of other molecules or
Ref: Campbell Biology, Urry et al., 12th Ed.
