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Autonomous replication refers to the ability of a plasmid to replicate independently of the host chromosome.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Bioreactors and Downstream Processing
The particle is a virus. Viruses remain inert outside their specific host cells but take over the host-cell machinery after infection to produce additional virus particles.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Viruses Viroids Prions and Lichens
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