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3 public questions tagged with this topic.

Doping, Charge Carriers and Conductivity

A p-type semiconductor is doped with:

**Doping** is adding impurity to pure semiconductor to increase carriers, pentavalent (P, As, Sb) donates extra electron, 1 ppm doping in Ge with 4×10²⁸ atoms/m³ gives donor density N_d = 4×10²⁸×10⁻⁶ =4×10²² m⁻³ for 1 ppm, acceptor atoms p-type trivalent B, Al, Ga. Overall charge neutrality maintained because donor ion core positive but electron negative, net neutral. A p-type semiconductor is created by doping a tetravalent semiconductor (e.g., Si) with a trivalent impurity (e.g., B, Al, In), which accepts electrons and creates holes as majority carriers. Substituting values gives Trivalent a

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electronic Devices > Doping, Charge Carriers and Conductivity

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Doping, Charge Carriers and Conductivity

The majority carriers in a p-type semiconductor are:

**Charge carriers** in n-type majority electrons, minority holes, in p-type majority holes, minority electrons, minority concentration reduced due to recombination n_e n_h = n_i², doping increases majority, conductivity σ = e(n_e μ_e + n_h μ_h), increases with doping. Donor ionization energy small ~0.01 eV, electrons easily promoted to conduction band at room temperature. In a p-type semiconductor, trivalent doping creates holes as majority carriers, while electrons are minority carriers ( n_h gg n_e ). Substituting values gives Holes, which matches expected behaviour for this semiconductor de

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electronic Devices > Doping, Charge Carriers and Conductivity

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Doping, Charge Carriers and Conductivity

In an n-type semiconductor, the minority carriers are:

**Doping** is adding impurity to pure semiconductor to increase carriers, pentavalent (P, As, Sb) donates extra electron, 1 ppm doping in Ge with 4×10²⁸ atoms/m³ gives donor density N_d = 4×10²⁸×10⁻⁶ =4×10²² m⁻³ for 1 ppm, acceptor atoms p-type trivalent B, Al, Ga. Overall charge neutrality maintained because donor ion core positive but electron negative, net neutral. In an n-type semiconductor, electrons are majority carriers due to pentavalent doping, while holes, generated intrinsically or reduced by recombination, are minority carriers. Substituting values gives Holes, which matches expect

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electronic Devices > Doping, Charge Carriers and Conductivity

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