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#field gradient

2 public questions tagged with this topic.

Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism

Which material has \( \chi \) slightly positive and moves from weaker to stronger field regions?

**Paramagnetism** has small positive χ ≈ 10⁻³ to 10⁻⁵, weakly attracted towards stronger field, random moments align partially with B, magnetization decreases with temperature following Curie law χ ∝ 1/T. Materials have unpaired electrons with permanent moments. Paramagnetic materials have a small positive chi and are weakly attracted from weaker to stronger magnetic field regions. Substituting values gives Paramagnetic, which matches expected magnitude for this magnetic configuration, confirming dipole field dependence on m/r³ and torque relation τ = m B sinθ.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Magnetism and Matter > Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism

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Superposition Principle and Equilibrium of Charges

Why does the electric field near a charged surface exhibit a sharp increase in strength compared to regions further away

**Superposition principle** asserts net Coulomb force on charge equals vector sum of forces from each other charge independently, F_net = Σ F_i, where F_i = k q q_i/r_i² r̂_i. In equilateral triangle or square symmetry, components may cancel at centroid, producing equilibrium. The inverse-square law governs the field from charges on the surface. Near the surface, the distance r is small, making 1/r² large, resulting in a strong field that weakens rapidly as distance increases. Substituting values gives Inverse-square law, which matches expected magnitude for this electrostatic configuration, confirming Coulomb's and Gauss's principles and charge quantization consistency.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electric Charges and Fields > Superposition Principle and Equilibrium of Charges

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