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#electron transfer

35 public questions tagged with this topic.

Electric Charge, Quantization and Conservation

A plastic rod gains a charge of \( -1.92 \times 10^{-7} \, \text{C} \) when rubbed. How many electrons were transferred

**Charge conservation and quantization** govern rubbing processes where electrons transfer without creation. Total charge before and after remains equal, and any measured charge corresponds to n = q/e electrons, allowing counting of carriers from coulomb value. Negative charge means electrons gained. q = n e , e = -1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C . n = (q/|e|) = (1.92 × 10⁻⁷/1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹) = 1.2 × 10¹² . Substituting values gives 1.2 × 10¹², which matches expected magnitude for this electrostatic configuration, confirming Coulomb's and Gauss's principles and charge quantization consistency.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electric Charges and Fields > Electric Charge, Quantization and Conservation

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Electric Charge, Quantization and Conservation

A body loses \( 8.0 \times 10^{-8} \, \text{C} \) of charge when rubbed. How many electrons were transferred from it?

**Fundamental property of charge** includes additivity and quantization, meaning net charge equals algebraic sum of constituents and each is multiple of e. When rod loses charge, electron removal is inferred, and n = q/e gives transferred count. Losing charge means electrons are removed, so charge is positive. q = n e , e = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C . n = (q/|e|) = (8.0 × 10⁻⁸/1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹) = 5 × 10¹¹ . Substituting values gives 5 × 10¹¹, which matches expected magnitude for this electrostatic configuration, confirming Coulomb's and Gauss's principles and charge quantization consistency.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electric Charges and Fields > Electric Charge, Quantization and Conservation

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CHEMISTRY

How many electrons are involved in the reduction of 1 mol of Cu²⁺ to Cu(s)?

Given: How many electrons are involved in the reduction of 1 mol of Cu²⁺ to Cu(s)? Formula: Reaction: Cu²+ + 2e- -> Cu(s). Substitution & Calculation: 2 electrons are required per mole of Cu²⁺. Final Result: The computed value matches expected outcome and confirms correct choice as per latest NCERT 2026-27.

Ref: NCERT Chemistry Textbook - Latest Edition for Academic Session 2026-27 (Rationalized Textbook for Class XI and XII)Topic: Mole concept, atomic structure, chemical formulas like H₂O, CO₂, CH₃CH₂NH₂ and periodic trends.

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Microbial Physiology

Which molecule acts as an electron donor in bacterial oxidative stress response?

Redox homeostasis during oxidative stress requires continuous electron flow from reduced pyridine nucleotide NADPH generated by pentose phosphate pathway to thiol antioxidant enzymes. Thioredoxin is small 12 kDa dithiol protein with highly conserved WCGPC active motif forming reversible intramolecular disulfide acting as mobile electron shuttle. Reduced thioredoxin provides low-potential electrons directly to peroxiredoxins such as AhpC and Tpx that reduce hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides to water and alcohols, to methionine sulfoxide reductases MsrA and MsrB that repair oxidized methionine residues in damaged proteins, and to ribonucleotide reductase converting ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides for DNA synthesis. It also reduces OxyR disulfide when peroxide stress subsides and repairs aberrant disulfides formed in cytoplasmic proteins. Peroxiredoxin is acceptor not donor, peptidoglycan is envelope heteropolymer, DNA gyrase is topoisomerase modulating supercoiling, so thioredoxin uniquely functions as principal electron donor linking NADPH to diverse detoxification and biosynthetic reactions, explaining its essentiality and deep conservation across life.

Ref: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 7th ed., Chapter 7: Thioredoxin as Electron Donor in Oxidative Defense.

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