One method to reduce somaclonal variation is:
Minimizing dedifferentiation reduces accumulation of chromosomal instability. Callus phase involves disorganized rapid mitosis under influence of potent synthetic auxin, creating opportunities for endoreduplication, transposon mobilization, and methylation drift. Each additional subculture multiplies these errors. Direct regeneration circumvents callus by activating axillary meristems, adventitious shoot formation from epidermal cells, or direct somatic embryogenesis on explant surface using balanced cytokinin to auxin ratio. Because organized meristems divide less frequently and maintain tigh
Ref: Bhojwani & Razdan Plant Tissue Culture 2015 Ch 10 direct organogenesis; Thorpe In Vitro Embryogenesis; NCBI PMC7469045 reducing somaclonal variation; Murashige & Skoog direct regeneration.
