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Carbon has 4 valence electrons ( 2s² 2p² ), and oxygen has 6 ( 2s² 2pⴠ). Total = 4 + 6 = 10. This follows from NCERT principle where the relation explains the outcome clearly for students in simple steps.
Ref: NCERT Chemistry Textbook for Class XI and XII, Chapter: Some Basic Concepts, Structure of Atom and Periodicity, Topic: Mole concept, atomic models and periodic trends.
For CO(g) → C(g) + O(g) , bond enthalpy is Δ H = Δ Ha(C) + Δ Ha(O) - Δ Hf(CO) = 715.0 + 249.0 - (-110.5) = 1074.5 kJ/mol .
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Thermodynamics > Topic: Bond Enthalpy and Entropy and Spontaneity
In CO , carbon forms a triple bond with oxygen (one sigma, two pi), using two hybrid orbitals ( sp ) for the sigma bond and lone pair.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure > Topic: Kossel-Lewis Approach and Octet Rule and Lewis Structures
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