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Chlorine adds across the double bond of ethene in a non-polar solvent like CCl₄ , forming 1,2-dichloroethane ( CH₂ClCH₂Cl ).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes > Topic: Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions - SN1 and SN2 Mechanisms
In sunlight, Cl₂ adds to benzene via free radical mechanism, forming C₆H₆Cl₆ (hexachlorocyclohexane).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature and Isomerism of Haloalkanes
Bond formation is exothermic (Δ H < 0), and entropy decreases as two particles form one (Δ S < 0).
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Thermodynamics > Topic: Bond Enthalpy and Entropy and Spontaneity
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