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#cell culture

66 public questions tagged with this topic.

Aptitude and Reasoning - Part 2

In plant tissue culture experiments, “conditioned medium” refers to a medium in which

quantitative reasoning analysis shows ratio, percentage and series logic determine correct calculation. Consequently media in which the plant cells have been grown for about 48 hrs and cells are... emerges as the valid choice since it meets mathematical and logical criteria, aligning with established principles in aptitude and reasoning literature.

Ref: Agrawal, Quantitative Aptitude for Competitive Examinations, Chapter 5, Logical Reasoning and Probability, covers ratios, percentages, series completion, time-distance and analytical reasoning explaining problem-solving strategies for competitive assessments.

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General Biology - Part 2

Concentrated feeding in a Fed batch system is used to get

Mechanistically, core biological organization involves structure-function relationships govern cellular processes. This validates Higher product concentration in the reactor because it integrates fundamental principles, a pattern repeatedly demonstrated in general biology research.

Ref: Campbell et al., Biology, 11th Edition, Chapter 2, Chemical Basis of Life, discusses fundamental biological principles and molecular organization providing broad foundation for life sciences understanding.

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Genetics

Which one of the following is a fish cell line?

The principle of cellular compartmentalization and cell cycle explains that SNARE-mediated trafficking, Hayflick limit, P53 and cyclin regulation control proliferation. Hence RTG -2 fits best because it aligns with membrane trafficking and cell cycle control, as documented in authoritative sources on cell biology.

Ref: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th Edition, Chapter 17, Cell Cycle and Regulation, explains Cdc2, cyclins, P53, proteasomes, Hayflick limit, primary culture and immortalization mechanisms governing proliferation.

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Genetics

In animal cell culture, CO2 incubator is used for maintaining open culture system. What is the function of CO2?

This outcome reflects cellular compartmentalization and cell cycle, where SNARE-mediated trafficking, Hayflick limit, P53 and cyclin regulation control proliferation. Option C captures this correctly because it aligns with membrane trafficking and cell cycle control, consistent with textbook descriptions and experimental observations in cell biology.

Ref: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th Edition, Chapter 10, Membrane Structure and Transport, discusses SNARE proteins, vesicle trafficking, ER, Golgi, endosome membranes and selective transport providing compartmentalization foundation.

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Genetics

Which one of the following dyes can be used to test the viability of cultured plant cells?

Mechanistically, cellular compartmentalization and cell cycle involves SNARE-mediated trafficking, Hayflick limit, P53 and cyclin regulation control proliferation. This validates Fluorescein diacetate because it aligns with membrane trafficking and cell cycle control, a pattern repeatedly demonstrated in cell biology research.

Ref: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th Edition, Chapter 17, Cell Cycle and Regulation, explains Cdc2, cyclins, P53, proteasomes, Hayflick limit, primary culture and immortalization mechanisms governing proliferation.

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Molecular Biology and Cell Biology

You have examined 10000 cells in a culture and found that only 2 cells were in mitosis. Therefore the mitotic index is

Mechanistically, cellular compartmentalization and cell cycle involves SNARE-mediated trafficking, Hayflick limit, P53 and cyclin regulation control proliferation. This validates 0.0002 because it aligns with membrane trafficking and cell cycle control, a pattern repeatedly demonstrated in cell biology research.

Ref: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th Edition, Chapter 17, Cell Cycle and Regulation, explains Cdc2, cyclins, P53, proteasomes, Hayflick limit, primary culture and immortalization mechanisms governing proliferation.

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Aptitude and Reasoning - Part 2

Exponentially growing cells increase 10 fold in 10 hours, the time required to increase 5 fold will be ………hours

In aptitude and reasoning, quantitative reasoning dictates that ratio, percentage and series logic determine correct calculation. Therefore 10 log5 is correct as it meets mathematical and logical criteria, supported by mechanistic studies and conserved across related systems.

Ref: Agrawal, Quantitative Aptitude for Competitive Examinations, Chapter 5, Logical Reasoning and Probability, covers ratios, percentages, series completion, time-distance and analytical reasoning explaining problem-solving strategies for competitive assessments.

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Aptitude and Reasoning

The treatment of hepatocytes in in vitro culture with Ricin leads to

Mechanistically, quantitative reasoning involves ratio, percentage and series logic determine correct calculation. This validates Inhibition of translation because it meets mathematical and logical criteria, a pattern repeatedly demonstrated in aptitude and reasoning research.

Ref: Agrawal, Quantitative Aptitude for Competitive Examinations, Chapter 5, Logical Reasoning and Probability, covers ratios, percentages, series completion, time-distance and analytical reasoning explaining problem-solving strategies for competitive assessments.

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Aptitude and Reasoning - Part 2

Identify the parameter among the following used for scale up of a shear sensitive cells in a fermentation process

The principle of quantitative reasoning explains that ratio, percentage and series logic determine correct calculation. Hence Impeller tip speed fits best because it meets mathematical and logical criteria, as documented in authoritative sources on aptitude and reasoning.

Ref: Agrawal, Quantitative Aptitude for Competitive Examinations, Chapter 5, Logical Reasoning and Probability, covers ratios, percentages, series completion, time-distance and analytical reasoning explaining problem-solving strategies for competitive assessments.

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Plant tissue culture 1

Increase in secondary metabolites in cell culture is commonly achieved by:

Increasing secondary metabolite accumulation in plant cell cultures is commonly achieved by supplementation with elicitors after achieving adequate biomass. Secondary metabolism is resource costly competing with primary growth for carbon nitrogen and energy, regulated by growth defense trade off controlled by TOR kinase promoting growth versus SnRK1 promoting defense. Under normal culture high auxin low stress conditions flux stays in primary metabolism. Elicitor addition artificially activates jasmonate and salicylate mediated defense transcriptome inducing genes encoding rate limiting enzyme

Ref: Mishra & Ranjan 2008 secondary metabolite; PubMed elicitor methyl jasmonate.

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Animal Tissue Culture 3

Generation time is defined as:

Generation time, synonymous with doubling time, quantifies interval needed for population to double during exponential phase, reflecting duration of one complete mitotic cycle comprising G1 phase where cells assess nutrient sufficiency and growth factor signaling via Ras-MAPK and PI3K-Akt inducing cyclin D, S phase where DNA polymerase alpha-primase and delta synthesize new genome with fidelity checks, G2 phase where mitotic proteins such as cyclin B and Cdk1 accumulate, and M phase involving spindle formation, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis. Mathematically derived from growth curves

Ref: Freshney Ch.13 Generation time one division; Lodish MBoC Ch.13 Cell cycle timing G1 S G2 M doubling time calculation.

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Animal Tissue Culture 3

The senescence phase in cell culture corresponds to:

Senescence phase in cell culture corresponds to death or decline phase of growth curve where proliferative capacity permanently lost and net cell number decreases. Replicative senescence triggered by telomere attrition beyond critical threshold leads to uncapped chromosome ends recognized as DNA double-strand breaks activating ATM and ATR kinases that stabilize p53 and induce cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21CIP1 and p16INK4a causing irreversible G1 arrest. Morphology changes to enlarged flattened cells with increased granularity, vacuolation, positive senescence-associated beta-galactosi

Ref: Hayflick L Exp Cell Res 1961 senescence death phase; Campisi J Cell 2005 Senescence SASP and p16 p53 pathways.

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