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In CH₃CH₂CH₂CHO, the carbonyl carbon (C=O) has three sigma bonds and one pi bond, indicating sp² hybridization and a trigonal planar shape.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis - Lassaigne Test and Estimation
In CH₃CH₂CH₂C(=O)CH₃ (pentan-2-one), the carbonyl carbon (C=O) is directly bonded to oxygen, experiencing the strongest -I effect due to proximity.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Electronic Effects - Inductive Mesomeric Hyperconjugation and Resonance
The carbonyl carbon in CH₃CHO (acetaldehyde) is bonded to three atoms and involves sp² hybridization, forming a trigonal planar shape.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - IUPAC
CH₃COCH₃ (acetone) contains a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to two alkyl groups, characteristic of ketones.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - IUPAC
Butanal (CH₃CH₂CH₂CHO) is an aldehyde. Its functional isomer with a carbonyl is CH₃COCH₂CH₃ (butan-2-one), a ketone with the same formula.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - IUPAC
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