A \( 4 \, \mu\text{F} \) capacitor charged to \( 100 \, \text{V} \) is connected to an uncharged \( 4 \, \mu\text{F} \)
**Applications** include charge sharing for voltage division, Van de Graaff generator accumulates charge on spherical dome to high potential V = k Q/R, up to MV, using belt to transport charge, capacitance of sphere C=4π ε₀ R ≈10 pF for R=0.1 m, so Q= C V ≈10⁻⁸ C for 1000 V. Initial charge: Q = 4 × 10⁻⁶ × 100 = 4 × 10⁻⁴ C . Total capacitance: 4 + 4 = 8 μF . Final voltage: V = (Q/C) = (4 × 10⁻⁴/8 × 10⁻⁶) = 50 V . Using V = kQ/r, U = k q₁q₂/r, E = -dV/dr, C = ε₀A/d, 1/C_eq
Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance > Sharing of Charges, Common Potential and Applications