Heavy metal pollutants like Cd and Hg inactivate enzymes by interacting with:
In biochemistry, enzyme catalysis and lipid structure dictates that substrate affinity, transition state stabilization and phospholipid composition govern function. Therefore cysteine is correct as it reflects catalytic efficiency and membrane organization, supported by mechanistic studies and conserved across related systems.
Ref: Berg, Tymoczko, Gatto and Stryer, Biochemistry, 9th Edition, Chapter 13, Metabolism and Bioenergetics, covers glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and NADH-linked reactions detailing biochemical principles of cellular energy metabolism.
