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Boiling points depend on intermolecular forces: Butanone (weak dipole-dipole) < Butanal (stronger dipole-dipole) < Butan-1-ol (H-bonding).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids > Topic: Reactions due to α-Hydrogen - Aldol, Cannizzaro and Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
The compound has a 4-carbon chain with an aldehyde group, named butanal.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids > Topic: Chemical Reactions - Reduction, Oxidation and Tests - Tollens, Fehling, Iodoform
Butanal (CH₃CH₂CH₂CHO) reacts with HCN to form butanal cyanohydrin (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH(OH)CN).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids > Topic: Nomenclature, Structure and Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones
Methyl magnesium bromide (CH₃MgBr) reacts with butanal (CH₃CH₂CH₂CHO), adding the methyl group to the carbonyl, yielding pentan-2-ol (CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CH₂CH₃) after hydrolysis.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Preparation of Phenols and Ethers - Williamson and Other Methods
Butanal (CH₃CH₂CH₂CHO) is an aldehyde. Its functional isomer with a carbonyl is CH₃COCH₂CH₃ (butan-2-one), a ketone with the same formula.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds - IUPAC
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