Biopile technique is an example of:
Biopile technique represents engineered ex situ bioremediation approach combining features of landfarming and composting but under more controlled conditions for petroleum-contaminated soils. Contaminated soil excavated from source zone, homogenized by screening to remove debris, mixed with amendments such as wood chips bulking agents enhancing permeability, fertilizers adjusting C:N:P ratio to 100:10:1, water to maintain 50 to 70 percent water holding capacity, sometimes microbial inocula, and heaped into above-ground mounds 2 to 3 meters high overlying impermeable high-density polyethylene l
Ref: EPA Biopile Design and Operation Manual 1995; Jorgensen et al. Biopile remediation Soil 2010; NCERT ex situ examples.
