Which of these is NOT part of the BIDE model?
BIDE is an accounting framework named for the four processes that directly change the number of individuals within a defined population: births, immigration, deaths, and emigration. Its balance equation is ΔN = B + I − D − E. Dispersion describes how individuals are spatially arranged—clumped, random, or uniform—rather than a direct demographic entry or exit. Dispersion can influence encounter rates, competition, reproduction, and movement, and thereby affect BIDE rates indirectly, but it is not itself one of the four accounting terms. Immigration and emigration must be distinguished from gene
Ref: Ecology: Concepts and Applications, Molles, 9th Ed., Ch. 11