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Pentanal (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CHO) reacts with ethanal (CH₃CHO) in a cross aldol condensation, forming 2-methylhept-2-enal (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH\=C(CH₃)CHO), a seven-carbon unsaturated aldehyde.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids > Topic: Physical Properties and Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
Ethanal (CH₃CHO) undergoes aldol condensation with itself, forming 3-hydroxybutanal (CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CHO) before dehydration.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids > Topic: Physical Properties and Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
Aldol condensation requires α-hydrogens. Methanal (HCHO) has no α-hydrogens and thus undergoes Cannizzaro reaction instead.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids > Topic: Physical Properties and Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
Hexan-3-one (CH₃CH₂COCH₂CH₂CH₃) undergoes self-aldol condensation to form 4-hydroxy-3-propylheptan-5-one (CH₃CH₂C(OH)(CH(CH₂CH₃)COCH₂CH₃)CH₂CH₃), a nine-carbon β-hydroxy ketone.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids > Topic: Nomenclature, Structure and Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones
Propanal (CH₃CH₂CHO) is an aliphatic aldehyde (positive Fehling’s test) with α-hydrogens (undergoes aldol condensation).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids > Topic: Nomenclature, Structure and Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones
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