The charge of an acceptor atom in a p-type semiconductor is effectively:
**Semiconductor properties** distinguish from conductors and insulators by temperature dependence and doping response. At 0 K intrinsic acts as insulator, conductivity due to thermally generated electron-hole pairs, number of outer electrons 4 for Si/Ge forming covalent bonds, each atom shares electrons, crystal with N atoms has 4N valence electrons, 2N bonds. A trivalent acceptor (e.g., B) in p-type material accepts an electron, becoming negatively charged, with an associated hole contributing to conduction. Substituting values gives Negative, which matches expected behaviour for this semicon
Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electronic Devices > Semiconductors, Types and Energy Bands