Practice question

**Energy in EM wave** equally divided between electric and magnetic fields, energy density u = ½ ε₀ E² + B²/(2μ₀) = ε₀ E² = B²/μ₀, average u_avg = ½ ε₀ E₀², intensity I = c u_avg = ½ c ε₀ E₀² = E₀ B₀/(2μ₀) = c B₀²/(2μ₀), radiation pressure p = I/c for absorption, 2I/c for reflection. The document states that X-rays are generated by bombarding a metal target with high-energy electrons. Using c = fλ, E₀/B₀ = c, I_d = ε₀ dΦ_E/dt, and spectrum classification λ = c/f, evaluation yields X-rays, illustrating EM wave transverse nature and Maxwell's displacement current concept.