Practice question

**Rectifier applications** diode must have reverse breakdown voltage higher than peak inverse voltage, centre-tap transformer provides two opposite phase voltages for full-wave, capacitor discharges through load R_L when diode off, drift current in junction is minority carrier motion due to field, diffusion due to gradient, diode conducts when forward biased anode positive. A half-wave rectifier conducts only during the positive half-cycle of the AC input, so the output frequency remains the same as the input frequency (e.g., 50 Hz input gives 50 Hz output). Substituting values gives Equal to the input frequency, which matches expected behaviour for this semiconductor device configuration, confirming doping, depletion and rectifier principles.