Practice question

**Rectifier applications** diode must have reverse breakdown voltage higher than peak inverse voltage, centre-tap transformer provides two opposite phase voltages for full-wave, capacitor discharges through load R_L when diode off, drift current in junction is minority carrier motion due to field, diffusion due to gradient, diode conducts when forward biased anode positive. The capacitor charges to the peak voltage and discharges through the load resistor ( R_L ) during the non-conducting half-cycle, smoothing the output voltage. Substituting values gives Load resistor, which matches expected behaviour for this semiconductor device configuration, confirming doping, depletion and rectifier principles.