Practice question

Modulation membrane order cholesterol textbook example fluidity homeostasis buffering mechanism dual action concentration dependent. Cholesterol inserts three beta hydroxyl near phospholipid ester carbonyl forming hydrogen bond rigid tetracycle parallel upper ten carbons acyl chains restricting trans gauche isomerization high temperatures decreasing lateral diffusion coefficient from one to zero point five micrometer squared per second and passive permeability small solutes two to three fold measured calcein leakage assays. Low temperatures cholesterol disrupts all trans crystalline lattice introducing kinks increasing free volume preventing gel phase quantified decrease order parameter S zero point eight to zero point five ESR spin label DPH anisotropy experiments broadening DSC transition. Net effect broadened phase transition abolishing sharp DSC peak buffering fluidity optimal Na K ATPase receptor function signaling. Glycoproteins mediate adhesion migration immunity, phosphatidylinositol transiently phosphorylated signaling but bulk fluidity regulated sterol, integral proteins immobilize annular lipids via picket fence but not buffer globally. Understanding cholesterol stabilization explains raft liquid ordered existence adaptation temperature dietary changes statin therapy impacts membrane order atherosclerosis pathology relevant physiology pharmacology questions exams and membrane protein function regulation.