Practice question

**Specific heat capacity** c = Q/(m ΔT) (J/kg·K), molar C = Q/(n ΔT), heat required to raise temperature, Q = m c ΔT, for water c=4186 J/kg·K, latent heat L = Q/m for phase change at constant temperature, fusion L_f and vaporization L_v, Q = m L, e.g., ice melting L_f=3.34×10⁵ J/kg, water vaporization 2.26×10⁶ J/kg. State variables depend only on the current state of the system, not the path taken to reach it. Pressure, volume, and temperature are state variables. Heat ( Δ Q ) is not a state variable; it is a mode of energy transfer dependent on the process. Using first law