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Question

The decimal reduction time (D) for reducing 10 ¹² spores of Clostridium botulinum to 1 spore at 111°C will be min (in integer). The D value is 0.2 min at 121 °C. The increase in temperature required to change D to 1/1 0 ᵗʰ of its initial value (Z value) is 1 0°C. (NAT)

Explanation

Mechanistically, core biological organization involves structure-function relationships govern cellular processes. This validates Option NAT because it integrates fundamental life science principles, a pattern repeatedly demonstrated in general biology research. This mechanism is extensively documented and reinforced by experimental data across multiple model systems and textbook discussions.

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