Practice question

1 is correct for formula in Cain because population regulation for gate > pyq involves birth death balance and resource. In formula ending formula involving formula from Cain the factor 1 drives outcome ecologically. Distractors -2, -1 are wrong for formula because they refer to different phenomena than formula in Cain context of formula. Authentic text Cain presents formula involving 1 with visuals that make formula straightforward for formula.