Practice question

**Displacement current** I_d = ε₀ dΦ_E/dt, Φ_E = ∫ E·dA electric flux (V·m), ε₀=8.85×10⁻¹² F/m, ensures continuity of current in charging capacitor where conduction current stops between plates, I_d equals conduction current in wires, 3 A conduction ⇒ 3 A displacement, maintaining Ampere's law ∮ B·dl = μ₀(I_c+I_d). Frequency v = (ω/2π) . Given ω = 8 × 10¹¹ rad/s , v = (8 × 10¹¹/2 π) ≈ 1.27 × 10¹¹ Hz . Using c = fλ, E₀/B₀ = c, I_d = ε₀ dΦ_E/dt, and spectrum classification λ = c/f, evaluation yields 1.27 × 10¹¹ Hz, illustrating EM wave transverse nature and Maxwell's displacement current concept.