Practice question

**Cyclic process** system returns to initial state, ΔU=0 over cycle, net work W_net = area enclosed in P-V diagram, Q_net = W_net from first law ΔU= Q - W =0 => Q_net = W_net, clockwise cycle work done by system positive, counterclockwise work done on system negative, efficiency η = W_net/Q_in. P₁ V₁^γ = P₂ V₂^γ . 5 × 10¹.33 = 1 × V₂¹.33 . V₂¹.33 = 5 × 10¹.33 . V₂ = (5 × 10¹.33)¹/1.33 = 5¹/1.33 × 10 . 5⁰.7519 ≈ 3.43 , V₂ ≈ 10 × 3.43 ≈ 34.3 L . Using first law ΔU = Q - W, W = ∫