Practice question

**Electric potential** V = k Q/r, k = 1/(4π ε₀)=9×10⁹ N·m²/C², Q charge (C), r distance (m), scalar, potential at surface of spherical conductor radius R, V = k Q/R. Potential difference ΔV = V_B - V_A = -∫ E·dl, work per unit charge to move charge without acceleration. When the outer shell is grounded (potential V = 0 ), the potential on the inner conductor adjusts due to charge redistribution. If the inner conductor has charge Q , the inner surface of the shell induces -Q , and since the shell's potential is zero, the outer surface of the shell acquires +Q . The