Practice question

Apical meristems with sustained three-dimensional growth via single apical initial or group of initials producing derivatives in organized planes are embryophyte hallmark enabling complex three-dimensional body plans, indeterminate organogenesis, branching patterns and morphological innovation. Charophytes show diffuse intercalary or apical growth limited to single plane. Cyanobacteria represent prokaryotes lacking true meristems with binary fission, dinoflagellates are biflagellate algal protists with dinokaryon lacking organized meristems. Apical cell and later multicellular shoot meristems produced roots, shoots, leaves in tracheophytes and leafy gametophores in mosses.