Wasp-waist' ecosystems are controlled mainly by:
“Intermediate trophic levels” for wasp-waist' ecosystems are controlled mainly by. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Ecosystem processes are constrained by energy conservation and by the cycling of matter. Energy enters mainly through primary production, is lost as metabolic heat at every transfer, and therefore cannot be recycled in the way that carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, or water can. The remaining alternatives—“Apex predators”, “Primary producers”, “Abiotic factors”—refer to di
Ref: NCERT Biology Class 12, Ch. 15 Biodiversity and Conservation