6 public questions tagged with this topic.
In [Fe(NH₃)4Cl₂]NO₃, [Fe(NH₃)4Cl₂]+ balances NO₃−. Fe is +3, 2 Cl− = −2, 4 NH₃ = 0. Charge = +3 − 2 = +1.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds > Topic: Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds
2H₂O → O₂ + 4H⁺ + 4e⁻ . 1 mol O₂ requires 4F. Charge = 4 × 96500 = 386000 C .
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 2: Electrochemistry > Topic: Variation of Conductivity with Concentration and Measurement
Cathode: 2H₂O + 2e⁻ → H₂ + 2OH⁻ , Anode: 2H₂O → O₂ + 4H⁺ + 4e⁻ . Total moles = (0.336/22.4) = 0.015 mol (H₂:O₂ = 2:1), H₂ = 0.01 mol, O₂ = 0.005 mol. Charge = (0.01 × 2 + 0.005 × 4) × 96500 = 0.04 × 96500 = 3860 C .
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 2: Electrochemistry > Topic: Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis and Faraday's Laws
Anode: 2Br⁻ → Br₂ + 2e⁻ . 1 mol Br₂ (22.4 L) requires 2F. Moles = (0.112/22.4) = 0.005 mol , Charge = 0.005 × 2 × 96500 = 965 C .
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 2: Electrochemistry > Topic: Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis and Faraday's Laws
Ni²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Ni . 1 mol Ni (54 g) requires 2F. Moles = (0.54/54) = 0.01 mol , Charge = 0.01 × 2 × 96500 = 1930 C .
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 2: Electrochemistry > Topic: Electrochemical Cells - Galvanic Cells and Electrode Potential
Electrospray mass spectrometry detects multiply charged ions where measured m/z equals neutral mass plus charge-carrying protons divided by number of charges. Mathematically, m/z = (M + z*1.0073)/z. For a peptide weighing 1500 Da with three added protons, total mass becomes approximately 1503 Da, divided by three charges yields about 501 m/z. This charge reduction principle enables detection of large peptides within limited analyzer range. Understanding this calculation is essential for manual deconvolution and interpreting charge-state envelopes observed in protein ESI spectra during proteomic experiments.
Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.
