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#power calculation

24 public questions tagged with this topic.

A light beam emits \( 2.5 \times 10^{15} \) photons per second, each of energy \( 4.0 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J} \). Wh

**De Broglie wavelength** λ = h/p = h/(m v) = h/√(2 m e V) for electron accelerated through V, for V=100 V λ= h/√(2 m e×100)=1.227/√V nm=0.1227 nm, for 50 V 0.173 nm, for particle mass 3.0×10⁻³⁰ kg v=10⁶ m/s λ=6.63×10⁻³⁴/(3×10⁻³⁰×10⁶)=2.21×10⁻¹⁰ m=0.221 nm, inversely proportional to momentum, property inversely proportional to de Broglie wavelength is momentum. Power P = N × E . P = 2.5 × 10¹⁵ × 4.0 × 10⁻¹⁹ = 1.0 × 10⁻³ W = 1.0 mW . Applying E = h f = h c/λ, p = h/λ, K_max = h f - Φ, Φ = h f₀ = h c/λ₀,

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Dual Nature of Matter > De Broglie Wavelength and Matter Waves

A light source emits photons of energy \( 3.0 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J} \) at a rate of \( 4.0 \times 10^{15} \) photo

**Photon power** light source emits 1.0×10¹⁶ photons/s power 4.0 mW, energy per photon E= P/N =4×10⁻³/10¹⁶=4×10⁻¹⁹ J, wavelength λ= h c/E=6.63×10⁻³⁴×3×10⁸/4×10⁻¹⁹=497 nm, for 6×10¹⁵ photons/s 3.0 mW E=5×10⁻¹⁹ J, for beam 2.5×10¹⁵ photons/s 4×10⁻¹⁹ J each power=10⁻³ W=1 mW, illustrating P = N h f. Power P = N × E . P = 4.0 × 10¹⁵ × 3.0 × 10⁻¹⁹ = 1.2 × 10⁻³ W = 1.2 mW . Applying E = h f = h c/λ, p = h/λ, K_max = h f - Φ, Φ = h f₀ = h c/λ₀, λ = h/√(2 m e V) and f_max = e V/h,

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Dual Nature of Matter > Photon Energy, Momentum, Power and X-rays

A \( 268.7 \, \text{V} \) (peak) AC source is connected to a \( 95 \, \Omega \) resistor. What is the average power cons

**Wattless current** occurs in pure inductor or capacitor, I_rms non-zero but average power zero because φ=±90°, cos φ=0, energy oscillates between source and field, no dissipation, used in choke coil to limit current without heating, unlike resistor where power dissipated. RMS voltage: V = (v_m/√(2)) = (268.7/1.414) ≈ 190 V . RMS current: I = (V/R) = (190/95) = 2 A . Average power: P = I² R = 2² × 95 = 380 W . Applying X_L = ωL, X_C = 1/ωC, Z = √(R² + (X_L - X_C)²), I_rms = V_rms/Z, P = V_rms I_rms cosφ, V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p, calculation gives 380 W,

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Alternating Currents > Power in AC Circuits - Power Factor and Wattless Current

A \( 165 \, \text{V} \) (rms) AC source supplies a \( 55 \, \Omega \) resistor. What is the average power consumed?

**Power factor** cos φ = R/Z, 0≤cos φ≤1, at resonance cos φ=1 maximum power, pure L or C cos φ=0 zero average power, current wattless because energy stored returned. Instantaneous power when current maximum in pure L: I=I_peak, V=0 because V leads 90°, so P= V I =0 at that instant, average zero. RMS current: I = (V/R) = (165/55) = 3 A . Average power: P = I² R = 3² × 55 = 495 W . Applying X_L = ωL, X_C = 1/ωC, Z = √(R² + (X_L - X_C)²), I_rms = V_rms/Z, P = V_rms I_rms cosφ, V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p, calculation gives

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Alternating Currents > Power in AC Circuits - Power Factor and Wattless Current

A \( 169.7 \, \text{V} \) (peak) AC source is connected to a \( 60 \, \Omega \) resistor. What is the average power cons

**Current relative to voltage** in resistor in phase, φ=0°, power factor cos φ=1, maximum power, unlike inductor/capacitor where average power zero due to 90° phase shift, explaining why resistor heats while pure L/C does not. RMS voltage: V = (v_m/√(2)) = (169.7/1.414) ≈ 120 V . RMS current: I = (V/R) = (120/60) = 2 A . Average power: P = I² R = 2² × 60 = 240 W . Applying X_L = ωL, X_C = 1/ωC, Z = √(R² + (X_L - X_C)²), I_rms = V_rms/Z, P = V_rms I_rms cosφ, V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p, calculation gives 240 W, consistent with phasor analysis and resonance condition X_L = X_C.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Alternating Currents > AC Through Resistor - Phasor and Power

A \( 175 \, \text{V} \) (rms) AC source supplies a \( 35 \, \Omega \) resistor. What is the average power consumed?

**Average power in LCR** P_avg = V_rms I_rms cos φ, cos φ = R/Z power factor, φ phase between V and I, tan φ = (X_L - X_C)/R. For R=80 Ω, X_L=100 Ω, X_C=40 Ω, X_L-X_C=60 Ω, Z=√(80²+60²)=100 Ω, cos φ=0.8, V_rms=240 V, I_rms=2.4 A, P=240×2.4×0.8=460.8 W, only R dissipates. RMS current: I = (V/R) = (175/35) = 5 A . Average power: P = I² R = 5² × 35 = 875 W . Applying X_L = ωL, X_C = 1/ωC, Z = √(R² + (X_L - X_C)²), I_rms = V_rms/Z, P = V_rms I_rms cosφ, V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p, calculation gives 875 W, consistent

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Alternating Currents > Power in AC Circuits - Power Factor and Wattless Current

A \( 141.4 \, \text{V} \) (peak) AC source is connected to a \( 50 \, \Omega \) resistor. What is the average power cons

**Current relative to voltage** in resistor in phase, φ=0°, power factor cos φ=1, maximum power, unlike inductor/capacitor where average power zero due to 90° phase shift, explaining why resistor heats while pure L/C does not. RMS voltage: V = (v_m/√(2)) = (141.4/1.414) = 100 V . RMS current: I = (V/R) = (100/50) = 2 A . Average power: P = I² R = 2² × 50 = 200 W . Applying X_L = ωL, X_C = 1/ωC, Z = √(R² + (X_L - X_C)²), I_rms = V_rms/Z, P = V_rms I_rms cosφ, V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p, calculation gives 200 W, consistent with phasor analysis and resonance condition X_L = X_C.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Alternating Currents > AC Through Resistor - Phasor and Power

A \( 212.1 \, \text{V} \) (peak) AC source is connected to a \( 75 \, \Omega \) resistor. What is the average power cons

**Average power** in resistor P_avg = V_rms I_rms = V_rms²/R = I_rms² R, for 254.6 V peak, V_rms =180 V, R=90 Ω, P=180²/90=360 W, for 226.3 V peak, V_rms=160 V, R=80 Ω, P=320 W, illustrating rms use for power. RMS voltage: V = (v_m/√(2)) = (212.1/1.414) = 150 V . RMS current: I = (V/R) = (150/75) = 2 A . Average power: P = I² R = 2² × 75 = 300 W . Applying X_L = ωL, X_C = 1/ωC, Z = √(R² + (X_L - X_C)²), I_rms = V_rms/Z, P = V_rms I_rms cosφ, V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p, calculation gives 300 W, consistent

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Alternating Currents > AC Fundamentals - RMS, Average and Peak Values

An AC source provides a peak voltage of \( 424.2 \, \text{V} \) to a \( 200 \, \Omega \) resistor. What is the average p

**Average power** in resistor P_avg = V_rms I_rms = V_rms²/R = I_rms² R, for 254.6 V peak, V_rms =180 V, R=90 Ω, P=180²/90=360 W, for 226.3 V peak, V_rms=160 V, R=80 Ω, P=320 W, illustrating rms use for power. RMS voltage: V = (v_m/√(2)) = (424.2/1.414) = 300 V . RMS current: I = (V/R) = (300/200) = 1.5 A . Average power: P = I² R = (1.5)² × 200 = 2.25 × 200 = 450 W . Applying X_L = ωL, X_C = 1/ωC, Z = √(R² + (X_L - X_C)²), I_rms = V_rms/Z, P = V_rms I_rms cosφ, V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p, calculation

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Alternating Currents > AC Fundamentals - RMS, Average and Peak Values

A series LCR circuit with \( R = 40 \, \Omega \), \( X_L = 50 \, \Omega \), \( X_C = 30 \, \Omega \) has a \( 120 \, \te

**RMS value** I_rms = I_peak/√2, V_rms = V_peak/√2 for sinusoidal AC, significance rms gives equivalent DC value producing same heating power P = I_rms² R, average power over cycle, instruments measure rms, average over full cycle zero, half-cycle average 2 I_peak/π, peak = √2 rms. Z = √(R² + (X_L - X_C)²) = √(40² + (50 - 30)²) = √(1600 + 400) = √(2000) ≈ 44.72 Ω . RMS current: I = (V/Z) = (120/44.72) ≈ 2.68 A . Power: P = I² R = (2.68)² × 40 ≈ 287.3 W . Applying X_L = ωL, X_C = 1/ωC, Z = √(R² + (X_L -

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Alternating Currents > AC Fundamentals - RMS, Average and Peak Values

A \( 100 \, \Omega \) resistor is connected to a \( 220 \, \text{V} \), \( 50 \, \text{Hz} \) AC supply. What is the ave

**Average power** in resistor P_avg = V_rms I_rms = V_rms²/R = I_rms² R, for 254.6 V peak, V_rms =180 V, R=90 Ω, P=180²/90=360 W, for 226.3 V peak, V_rms=160 V, R=80 Ω, P=320 W, illustrating rms use for power. Average power: P = I² R , where I = (V/R) . I = (220/100) = 2.2 A . P = (2.2)² × 100 = 4.84 × 100 = 484 W . Applying X_L = ωL, X_C = 1/ωC, Z = √(R² + (X_L - X_C)²), I_rms = V_rms/Z, P = V_rms I_rms cosφ, V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p, calculation gives 484 W, consistent with phasor analysis and resonance condition X_L = X_C.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Alternating Currents > AC Fundamentals - RMS, Average and Peak Values

A \( 160 \, \text{V} \) (rms) AC source supplies a \( 80 \, \Omega \) resistor. What is the average power consumed?

**RMS value** I_rms = I_peak/√2, V_rms = V_peak/√2 for sinusoidal AC, significance rms gives equivalent DC value producing same heating power P = I_rms² R, average power over cycle, instruments measure rms, average over full cycle zero, half-cycle average 2 I_peak/π, peak = √2 rms. RMS current: I = (V/R) = (160/80) = 2 A . Average power: P = I² R = 2² × 80 = 320 W . Applying X_L = ωL, X_C = 1/ωC, Z = √(R² + (X_L - X_C)²), I_rms = V_rms/Z, P = V_rms I_rms cosφ, V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p, calculation gives 320 W, consistent with phasor analysis and resonance condition X_L = X_C.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Alternating Currents > AC Fundamentals - RMS, Average and Peak Values