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Glomus forms mycorrhizal associations with plant roots and enhances phosphorus absorption.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 8: Microbes in Human Welfare Microbes as Biofertilizers - Rhizobium Azospirillum Mycorrhiza Cyanobacteria
Arbuscules denote finely branched intracellular haustorial structures formed by glomeromycotan mycorrhizal fungi within root cortical cells of vascular plants including most crops. Arbuscule branches massively increase interfacial surface area for bidirectional nutrient exchange: fungus delivers phosphate and micronutrients absorbed from soil via extraradical hyphae to plant, plant supplies photosynthate carbohydrates and lipids to obligate fungal symbiont. Formed during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis oldest and most widespread mutualism dating ~400 million years. Not associated with parasitic, saprophytic or predatory strategies but mutualistic mycorrhizal interface.
Ref: Campbell Biology 12th ed., Chapter 31: Mycorrhizae Arbuscules Exchange; NCERT Class 12 Biology Mycorrhizae; NCBI Glomeromycota Symbiosis Review
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