5 public questions tagged with this topic.
AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which attacks the immune system.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immune Disorders - Allergies Autoimmunity and AIDS
The spleen is a major lymphoid organ that filters blood-borne pathogens and contains lymphocytes and macrophages.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immune System - Lymphoid Organs Cells Antibodies - CMI HMI
Macrophages are phagocytic cells that engulf and destroy pathogens as part of innate immunity.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immunity - Innate Immunity - Barriers and Interferons
Trypanosoma, the causative agent of sleeping sickness, is transmitted by the tsetse fly.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Common Diseases - Protozoan - Malaria Amoebiasis
Physical and chemical barriers, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.
Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)
