#pathogens

ZOOLOGY

Which of the following diseases is caused by a protozoan?

Amoebiasis is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, which infects the human intestine. This follows from latest NCERT 2026-27 principle explaining the concept clearly for NEET students in simple steps as per rationalized syllabus.

Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook - Latest Edition for Academic Session 2026-27 (Zoology section, Rationalized Textbook for Class XI and XII), Chapter: Biology - Zoology portion (Latest NCERT Textbooks for Academic Session 2026-27 - Rationalized Edition for Class XI and XII), Topic: Structural organization, physiology, human health and related concepts as per latest syllabus.

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ZOOLOGY

Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by bacteria?

Malaria is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium, not bacteria. This follows from NCERT principle where the relation explains the outcome clearly for students in simple steps.

Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Zoology section), Chapter: Human Health and Disease, Topic: Immunity, diseases and health maintenance.

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ZOOLOGY

Which of the following diseases is caused by a protozoan?

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium, a protozoan transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. This follows from latest NCERT 2026-27 principle explaining the concept clearly for NEET students in simple steps as per rationalized syllabus.

Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook - Latest Edition for Academic Session 2026-27 (Zoology section, Rationalized Textbook for Class XI and XII), Chapter: Biology - Zoology portion (Latest NCERT Textbooks for Academic Session 2026-27 - Rationalized Edition for Class XI and XII), Topic: Structural organization, physiology, human health and related concepts as per latest syllabus.

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ZOOLOGY

Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus?

AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which attacks the immune system. This follows from NCERT principle where the relation explains the outcome clearly for students in simple steps.

Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Zoology section), Chapter: Human Health and Disease, Topic: Immunity, diseases and health maintenance.

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Immune Disorders - Allergies Autoimmunity and AIDS

Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus?

AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which attacks the immune system.

Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immune Disorders - Allergies Autoimmunity and AIDS

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Immune System - Lymphoid Organs Cells Antibodies - CMI HMI

Which organ in the human body acts as a filter for blood-borne pathogens and is a major lymphoid organ?

The spleen is a major lymphoid organ that filters blood-borne pathogens and contains lymphocytes and macrophages.

Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immune System - Lymphoid Organs Cells Antibodies - CMI HMI

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Immunity - Innate Immunity - Barriers and Interferons

Which of the following cells engulf and destroy pathogens in the body?

Macrophages are phagocytic cells that engulf and destroy pathogens as part of innate immunity.

Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Immunity - Innate Immunity - Barriers and Interferons

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Common Diseases - Protozoan - Malaria Amoebiasis

Which of the following pathogens is transmitted by the tsetse fly?

Trypanosoma, the causative agent of sleeping sickness, is transmitted by the tsetse fly.

Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease Common Diseases - Protozoan - Malaria Amoebiasis

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Immunology

First line of defense against pathogens includes

Physical and chemical barriers, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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