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#mesenchymal stem cells

2 public questions tagged with this topic.

Stem Cell -l

Which of the following can be derived from mesenchymal stem cells?

Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stromal cells from bone marrow, adipose, and perichondrium with mesodermal lineage restriction. They differentiate into cartilage, bone, and adipose tissue through master regulators Sox9 for chondrogenesis, Runx2 and Osterix for osteogenesis, and PPAR-gamma for adipogenesis. Cartilage formation involves condensation, Sox9-driven collagen type II and aggrecan expression, and requires TGF-beta signaling. While transdifferentiation to neurons or islet cells has been reported artificially, physiological derivatives remain skeletal tissues. Thus cartilage represents a canonical natural product of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.

Ref: Caplan, J Orthop Res 1991; Gilbert, 12th ed., Chapter 6: Mesenchymal differentiation.

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Stem Cell -lll

What is the function of mesenchymal stem cells?

Mesenchymal stem cells, also termed mesenchymal stromal cells, originate perivascularly in bone marrow and adipose tissue. Defined by CD73, CD90, CD105 positivity and absence of hematopoietic markers CD45 and CD34, they exhibit multipotency limited to mesodermal lineages: osteoblasts synthesizing bone matrix via Runx2, chondrocytes producing cartilage collagen II and aggrecan via Sox9, and adipocytes via PPAR-gamma. Differentiation is driven by Wnt and BMP cues. Unlike hematopoietic or neural stem cells, they do not generate neurons, blood, or gametes under physiological conditions inside the body.

Ref: Caplan, J Orthop Res 1991; Gilbert, Chapter 6: Mesenchymal stem cell multipotency Runx2 Sox9 lineage markers.

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