The hyperchromic effect of DNA is due to:
Unstacking of bases correctly describes the effect or change asked about in this question. In DNA, understanding cause-and-effect relationships is essential for predicting biological outcomes. Unstacking of bases occurs because of specific molecular interactions, thermodynamic principles, or regulatory mechanisms that govern this biological process. The other options (Loss of phosphodiester bonds, Increase in viscosity, and Change in sugar puckering) describe either opposite effects, effects that occur under different conditions, or changes associated with unrelated processes.
Ref: Molecular Biology of the Gene, Watson et al., 7th Ed.