8 public questions tagged with this topic.
Molecular diagnostics does not rely solely on visual inspection; it uses techniques like PCR and_x000D_ hybridization to detect genetic materials.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Biosafety and Overview of Applications
DNA probes are used in molecular diagnostics to detect specific DNA sequences by hybridization.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Biosafety and Overview of Applications
Molecular diagnostics uses techniques like PCR to detect pathogens, genetic mutations, and other_x000D_ molecular markers for disease management.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Biopiracy and Biopatent - Basmati Turmeric Neem
Molecular diagnostics are used for early detection of diseases by identifying genetic material from_x000D_ pathogens.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Transgenic Animals - Models and Biological Products
PCR is used to amplify and detect even small amounts of viral DNA, making it suitable for early HIV_x000D_ detection.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Medical Applications - Molecular Diagnosis - PCR ELISA
Molecular diagnostics uses advanced techniques like PCR, DNA probes, and sequencing, not just visual_x000D_ inspection, for accurate detection.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Medical Applications - Molecular Diagnosis - PCR ELISA
Radioimmunoassay utilizes gamma-emitting isotopes to label antigens or antibodies for competition and quantification. Iodine-125 is preferred because its high specific activity, half-life near 60 days and gamma photons are efficiently counted in solid scintillation counters without liquid scintillant. Proteins can be radioiodinated on tyrosine residues via chloramine-T method with minimal loss of immunoreactivity. ELISA, Western blot and flow cytometry typically employ enzymatic or fluorescent labels, not radioisotopes, due to safety and disposal issues. Therefore presence of 125I in protocol strongly points toward classical radioimmunological technique developed by Berson and Yalow.
Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.
Distinguishing soft tissues requires discrimination based on water content, fat fraction and macromolecular environment rather than electron density. Magnetic resonance imaging excels because proton relaxation parameters T1 and T2 vary substantially between gray matter, white matter, edema, tumor infiltration, muscle and ligament, yielding intrinsic contrast adjustable via pulse sequences. Computed tomography differentiates mainly by X-ray attenuation, limited in soft tissue. PET reflects metabolism with coarse anatomy, EEG contains no anatomical image. Therefore MRI provides superior soft-tissue differentiation for neuroanatomical and pathological assessment.
Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.
