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In CH₂=CHCH₂Br , the carbon attached to Br has four single bonds (to Br, H, H, and CH=CH₂ ), making it sp³ hybridized.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes > Topic: Polyhalogen Compounds - Chloroform Iodoform DDT Freons
The carbon in CH₃C≡N triple-bonded to nitrogen has two sigma bonds (C-C and C≡N) and is sp hybridized, resulting in a linear shape.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Purification Methods - Crystallization Distillation Chromatography
In CH₃CH₂C≡N, the carbon in CH₂ has four single bonds, indicating sp³ hybridization.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Isomerism - Structural Isomerism - Chain Position Functional Metamerism
In CH₃CH₂CH₂C(=O)OCH₃ (methyl butanoate), the carbonyl carbon (C=O) is sp² hybridized (33% s-character), higher than sp³ (25%) of other carbons.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Isomerism - Stereoisomerism - Geometrical and Optical Isomerism
In CH₃COOH (acetic acid), the carbonyl carbon (C=O) has three sigma bonds (to O, OH, and CH₃) and one pi bond, indicating sp² hybridization.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques > Topic: Fundamental Concepts - Reaction Mechanism - Fission and Reaction Intermediates
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