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In the gas phase, basicity increases with the number of alkyl groups due to the inductive effect: (C₂H₅)3N > (C₂H₅)2NH > C₂H₅NH₂ > NH₃ . This follows from NCERT principle where the relation explains the outcome clearly for students in simple steps.
Ref: NCERT Chemistry Textbook for Class XI and XII, Chapter: Relevant Chemistry topic covering principles and examples as per NCERT.
Higher pKb means weaker base. Aniline (C₆H₅NH₂) has the highest pKb (weakest base) due to resonance, as per the PDF’s basicity section.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Reaction with Nitrous Acid and Diazonium Salts - Part 2
Resonance in aniline delocalizes the nitrogen lone pair into the benzene ring, reducing basicity compared to aliphatic amines, as per the PDF.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Reaction with Nitrous Acid and Diazonium Salts - Part 1
In the gaseous phase, basicity increases with more alkyl groups due to electron donation: tertiary > secondary > primary, as per the PDF’s basicity section.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Reaction with Nitrous Acid and Diazonium Salts - Part 1
Basic strength depends on electron availability on nitrogen. (C₂H₅)₂NH (diethylamine) has two electron-donating ethyl groups and benefits from solvation effects, making it the strongest base among the options.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Chemical Reactions - Carbylamine Reaction and General Reactions
Trimethylamine ((CH₃)₃N) has three electron-donating methyl groups, making it the strongest base in the gaseous phase, as per the PDF.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 13: Amines > Topic: Physical Properties, Basic Character and Solubility
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