Practice question
Question
ANA grade includes
Explanation
ANA stands for Amborellales monotypic Amborella trichopoda endemic New Caledonia, Nymphaeales including Hydatellaceae, Cabombaceae brasenia Cabomba and Nymphaeaceae water lilies, Austrobaileyales comprising Austrobaileyaceae, Schisandraceae e.g., Illicium star anise and Schisandra, Trimeniaceae. Together they form grade of three successive divergences preceding mesangiosperms, not monophyletic clade but paraphyletic assemblage, about 300 species total. Alternative options list magnoliid orders Piperales Laurales Magnoliales Canellales, or monocot families Poaceae Orchidaceae Asparagales, or eudicot clades. Grasping ANA composition essential for understanding ancestral flower reconstruction and evolutionary innovations like carpel closure evolution.
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