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Question

Thermal death of viable spores of Bacillus subtilis in a food sample follows a first order kinetics with a specific death rate constant of 0.23 min ⁻¹ at 100°C. The time (in minutes) required to kill 99% of spores in the food sample at 100°C will be

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Explanation

Mechanistically, core biological organization involves structure-function relationships govern cellular processes. This validates 20 because it integrates fundamental life science principles, a pattern repeatedly demonstrated in general biology research. This mechanism is extensively documented and reinforced by experimental data across multiple model systems and textbook discussions.

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