Practice question

Round haploid spermatids produced after meiosis undergo dramatic morphological transformation called spermiogenesis without further division, converting into streamlined spermatozoa. Process includes formation of acrosome from Golgi vesicles, replacement of histones with transition proteins then protamines condensing nucleus, axoneme assembly forming flagellum, mitochondrial aggregation around midpiece forming helical sheath for ATP production, and removal of residual cytoplasm as residual bodies phagocytosed by Sertoli cells. Spermiogenesis yields functional gamete with motility apparatus, compact genome ready for fertilization but not yet capacitated for zona interaction, hyperactivation and fusion competence.